Background

Multiple key factors, such as the political instability and inequality in Sudan, and the conflict between the SAF and the RSF, can be attributed to the crisis in Sudan. 

Political Instability and Inequality 

The political instability and inequality stem from the power struggle and corruption that have loomed over Sudan. The corruption of the Sudanese government has only exacerbated the problems in Sudan. As a result, most of Sudanese society is marginalized, putting many people in danger.

Conflict between the SAF and the RSF

The current Sudan Civil War stems from the power struggle between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces. The two groups had once shared power after Sudan’s 2019 revolution that overthrew dictator Omar al-Bashir. However, tensions grew over control of the military and civilian rule, straining the relationship between the two sides. In recent years, the war has only gotten worse, as tensions have escalated into fighting, which has spread nationwide. 

The Current War and Its Impacts

The current civil war in Sudan began in April 2023 when fighting broke out between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). In late 2023, the RSF took control of most of the Darfur region. However, in early 2024, the SAF regained momentum by retaking key areas that the RSF controlled. The most recent turning point was in October 2025, when the city of El Fasher fell to the RSF, and over two thousand people were killed. 

The war has created one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises, displacing millions of people, while many other people are affected by a scarcity of food, water, and medicine. Similarly, the war has destroyed most of the infrastructure in Sudan, including hospitals, schools, and houses. As famine and disease spread, more people are going to die, and without a solution, Sudan’s society faces the risk of collapsing. The ongoing conflict not only threatens Sudan’s stability but also the other countries around it.